IMPACTS OF THE EL NIÑO PHENOMENON ON WATER SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63330/sasciencesv6n2-023Keywords:
Climate variability, El Niño, Environmental sustainability, Semiarid region, Water securityAbstract
El Niño significantly influences global climate patterns and has notable repercussions for Brazil’s semiarid region, particularly regarding water availability and environmental sustainability. This study is characterized as a qualitative bibliographic review aimed at analyzing the impacts of El Niño on water security and socioenvironmental systems in the semiarid region. The methodology consisted of reviewing scientific articles, technical reports, institutional documents, and specialized publications on climate variability, water resource management, and environmental sustainability. The findings indicate that El Niño events are associated with reduced rainfall, higher temperatures, intensified droughts, and decreased reservoir recharge, thereby affecting water supply, agricultural production, and local ecosystems. Relevant socioeconomic effects were also identified, including food insecurity, increased vulnerability of rural populations, and greater pressure on natural resources. It is concluded that strengthening water management policies, adopting climate adaptation strategies, continuously monitoring meteorological conditions, and promoting sustainable practices are essential measures to mitigate the impacts of El Niño and enhance the resilience of communities in Brazil’s semiarid region.
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