HYDRATION, THERMOREGULATION, AND MILITARY PERFORMANCE IN EXTREME WINTER CONDITIONS: LESSONS FROM THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE

Abstract

Exposure of military personnel to extreme winter conditions imposes physiological challenges that may compromise homeostasis, thermoregulation and physical and cognitive performance. In the context of the war in Ukraine, marked by troops operating in low temperatures, forested areas, destroyed urban structures and defensive positions, adequate hydration is a relevant factor for operational capacity. Cold exposure can blunt the subjective perception of thirst, while cold-induced diuresis, respiratory water loss, physical exertion and sweating under heavy equipment contribute to fluid deficit. Dehydration may then interfere with cardiovascular function, exercise capacity, thermoregulation, motor coordination, attention and decision making. This article analyses the relationship between hydration, thermoregulation and military performance in extreme winter conditions, using the Russian-Ukrainian conflict as a setting to discuss the physiological and operational challenges associated with prolonged cold exposure. It argues that fluid balance should be understood not only as an individual health measure but as a component of the preparation, resilience and functional capacity of personnel deployed in combat under severe climatic conditions.